This article examines how Roger T. Ames renders core Confucian concept terms for Anglophone readers and what trade-offs those choices entail. Working within a restrained Knowledge Translation Studies (KTS) framework, we operationalize the analysis in three steps: (i) identify the knowledge unit at stake (e.g., ren, yi, junzi as concept clusters rather than single glosses); (ii) record the operation performed by the translation (narrowing, broadening, or contextual anchoring through paraphrase and analogy); and (iii) track the role of paratext (prefaces, notes, and cross-references) in guiding interpretation. Drawing on representative passages from selected Confucian classics, we compare Ames’s solutions with earlier English renderings to show when his strategy increases accessibility for non Sinophone readers and when it compresses the semantic range. The study contributes a small, evidence-driven map of concept transfer, clarifying how annotation and explanatory definition function as scaffolds in the international reception of Confucian thought and offering a transparent procedure that can be replicated in other concept-heavy traditions.

The loss of Chinese cultural relics due to war plundering, colonial expropriation, and illegal trade has resulted in millions of artifacts being scattered across the globe. In response, China has actively engaged in cultural heritage protection through international treaties, including the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, the Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects. However, the effectiveness of these treaties in repatriating lost artifacts remains limited due to temporal constraints (non-retroactivity), spatial fragmentation (asymmetry in treaty ratification), and judicial barriers (cross-border litigation challenges). The non-retroactivity principle prevents the restitution of relics lost before treaty adoption, while disparities in treaty participation among market and source countries hinder enforcement. Additionally, procedural obstacles in litigation, such as conflicts of laws and recognition of foreign judgments, further restrict legal avenues for restitution. To address these issues, this paper proposes enhancing treaty applicability, strengthening international enforcement mechanisms, and promoting a unified global legal framework to improve the effectiveness of cultural relic restitution under international law.

The third-party system without independent litigation provided for in the civil procedure law of mainland China is conducive to the one-time settlement of disputes, and realizes the protection of the rights and interests of third parties while improving judicial efficiency. However, there are internal defects in the establishment of this system, which are manifested in the unclear legal status of the third party, the lack of independent claims, the imbalance of rights and obligations, and the ambiguous standards for the determination of interests, which leads to the failure to realize the relevant legislative objectives and provide the third party with due protection. These deficiencies make it worthwhile to ponder whether the law can truly guarantee the justice it brings to people. For this reason, from the perspective of the right of action, which is easier to identify problems, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the problems in the third party system without independent claim, such as drawing on the third-party defendant system to make a typological distinction between the third parties, and perfecting the standards for identifying the rights, obligations and interests of the third party without independent claim, in order to improve the authority and completeness of the Civil Procedure Law in mainland China through such standards.

The rapid rise of streaming has fundamentally changed the global film industry, challenging the traditional dominance of film and television as the primary distribution channels. With film as the background, this article explores whether streaming media will completely replace traditional media. It examines the unique characteristics of streaming platforms, including flexibility, global reach, and data-driven personalization, while also highlighting the cultural and experiential value offered by traditional media, such as the immersive and social nature of movies. By analyzing the coexistence and competition between the two models, the study pinpoints areas of synergy, like synchronous issuance and revenue - sharing models. Moreover, it delves into the influence of streaming on film production, distribution, and consumption, underlining its role in enhancing content diversity and transforming viewing habits. The findings suggest that while streaming will continue to gain prominence, the unique cultural and experiential advantages of traditional media make it unlikely to be completely replaced. In its place is a two-track system that ADAPTS to both traditional and digital distribution methods, ensuring the continued evolution of the industry to meet the needs of different audiences.

The internationalization of higher education has become an important development for the global education system, but the shared development of global teacher resources still faces many challenges, including policy barriers, differences in education systems, and career development restrictions. This article analyzes the current situation of global teacher resource sharing, explores its role in knowledge dissemination, academic cooperation, and education quality improvement, and reveals the main factors affecting global teacher mobility. Research has found that although countries have taken a series of measures to promote cross-border teacher mobility, there are still deficiencies in institutional coordination, cultural adaptation, technical support, and other aspects, which have affected the effective allocation of global educational resources. Based on this, this article proposes the following suggestions: establishing a more flexible teacher mobility mechanism, optimizing the global teacher certification system, strengthening remote teaching and academic cooperation, and improving the career development support system to promote the shared development of global teacher resources and enhance the international competitiveness of higher education.

From a niche subculture down to a globally acclaimed medium, the artistic and commercial success of anime gave rise to some of the most recognized studios like Studio Ghibli. This paper explores the evolution of Japanese animation, through the technological transformations in the industry down to the Studio’s production strategies. The paper first discusses the origin of anime, tracing back to an early era of silent films, to the gradual emergence of major studios like Toei Animation and Mushi Production, and finally garnering worldwide attraction through digital platforms like Crunchyroll. One focus of this research lies on Studio Ghibli’s unique approach to animation and thematic depth. Through analyzing its traditional cel animation style, its adaption to digital methods such as the implementation of 3D Computer Graphics (3DCG), as well as the recurring themes present in Miyazaki’s films, this paper assesses how these elements influence audience reception and contribute to a global appeal. Lastly, the paper emphasizes the role of marketing strategies and decisions led by relevant industry figures like Toshio Suzuki to expanding Ghibli’s name and influence. All in all, this research seeks to define the key elements to answer the question of “what makes Studio Ghibli successful”, through gathering historical data and a multitude of commercial and artistic perspectives and voices.

The hindering effect of gender role stereotypes on women's development has received widespread attention, but there is still insufficient research on their impact mechanisms and coping strategies in the field of education, especially in the selection process of female class cadres. This article analyzes the negative impact of gender role stereotypes on the selection of female class cadres through psychological mechanisms such as implicit bias and attribution bias. It reveals the correlation between the strength of stereotypes, the clarity of selection criteria, the gender of class teachers, and student participation with the selection results of female class cadres. Research has found that gender role stereotypes significantly reduce the selection ratio of female class cadres, and the impact is more prominent when the selection criteria are vague. Based on this, this article proposes suggestions such as strengthening gender equality education, optimizing the selection mechanism for class cadres, and increasing student participation, in order to provide useful references for promoting gender equality in the educational environment.

Rapid urbanization has brought renewed attention to the cultural and symbolic value of historical celebrity resources in contemporary cities. Rather than serving only as markers of local history, such resources are increasingly treated as assets that can shape urban image and identity. For many municipalities, a practical question is how to mobilize these resources in a way that supports distinctive cultural branding. This paper examines the role of historical celebrity resources in urban cultural brand building through a case study of Jiaxing’s promotion of itself as the “Hometown of Jin Yong.” It reviews the ways in which Jin Yong’s legacy has been developed and utilized in Jiaxing, and analyzes the heroic ethos condensed in the maxim “a true hero serves the country and its people.” On this basis, the study discusses how the spiritual and material heritage associated with Jin Yong can be converted into branding resources that enhance Jiaxing’s reputation and contribute to the construction of a renewed urban identity.

The character "和(he)" is extremely frequently used in Modern Chinese, with six different pronunciations and a rich array of meanings. As a core concept in traditional Chinese culture, it permeates every aspect of ancient society and has crystallized into unique values and ways of thinking. This paper, starting from the perspective of philology, systematically combs through the evolution of the character "和(he)" in terms of its form, pronunciation, and meaning, as well as its cultural connotations, including concepts such as "harmony in diversity" and "harmonious coexistence among all nations." The culture of "和" transcends time and space and still holds significant guiding value for modern society in handling diverse relationships. Inheriting and promoting the culture of "和(he)" is not only an inevitable requirement to safeguard the traditional wisdom of the Chinese nation but also a profound reflection of the shared values of humanity.

Developmental dyslexia is a specific learning disorder with an incidence rate of approximately 5% - 17.5% globally. It is a learning disorder that affects an individual's reading ability and the acquisition of reading-related skills, with core characteristics including difficulties in decoding text, slow reading speed, and limited comprehension. It not only impacts an individual's academic performance but may also have long-term effects on their self-esteem, social skills, and future career development. This article synthesizes multiple kinds of literature to conduct an in-depth analysis of the visual attention span characteristics and influencing factors of individuals with developmental dyslexia and discusses the relevant effects in detail. Research shows that the developmental dyslexia group has a visual attention span deficit, and this deficit is modulated by multiple factors. Meanwhile, two intervention methods, visual attention training tasks and action video games, have been proven to effectively improve the visual attention ability and reading performance of children with dyslexia.